Glossary of Hinduism Terms
- A -
Advaita Vedanta--non-dualistic form of Vedantic philosophy
Agamas Shaivite--scriptures
Agni Vedic--sacred fire
Ananda--bliss
Anna--food
Aranyaka Vedic--forest texts
Artha--pursuit of wealth
Aryan--people of spiritual values
Asanas--yogic postures
Ashram--state or stage of life
Atharva Veda--fourth Veda
Atman--the Divine Self
Avatar--incarnation of God
Ayurveda--Vedic Medicine
- B -
Bhagavad Gita--scripture of the avatar Krishna
Bhakti Yoga--Yoga of Devotion
Bhuktis--planetary time periods, minor
Brahmacharya--control of sexual energy; state of life of learning and purity
Brahma--form of the Hindu trinity governing creation
Brahman--the Absolute or ultimate reality
Brahmanas--Vedic ritualistic texts
Brahmins--people of spiritual values
Brihaspati--Vedic God of the ritual, the planet Jupiter
Buddha--ninth avatar of Vishnu
Buddhism--non-orthodox form of Vedic\Aryan teaching founded by the Buddha or enlightened
one
- C -
Chakras--nerve centers of the subtle body
Charvakas--materialistic philosophers of ancient India
Cit--consciousness
- D -
Dashas--planetary time periods, major
Dharana--yogic concentration or attention
Dharma--teaching or religion; honor or status
Dhatus--bodily tissues in Ayurvedic Medicine
Dhyana--meditation
Doshas--biological humors of Ayurvedic medicine
Durga--the Goddess as the destroyer of demons
- E -
(empty)
- F -
(empty)
- G -
Ganesh--elephant faced God who destroys all obstacles
Gayatri--Vedic chant for awakening the soul
Grihastha--householder stage of life
Gunas--prime qualities of nature
Guru--spiritual teacher
- H -
Hanuman--the monkey God
Hatha Yoga--Yoga of the physical body
Hinduism--modern name for the Vedic teaching
Homa--Vedic worship, Fire offerings
Hum--great mantra of Agni and Shiva
- I -
Indra--Vedic God of being or life
Ishwara--the cosmic Creator
Itihasas--Hindu epics
- J -
Jainism--non-orthodox form of Vedic/Aryan teaching emphasizing non-violence
Jnana Yoga--Yoga of Knowledge
Jyotish--Vedic Astrology
- K -
Kailas--the world mountain
Kali--the dark form of the Goddess
Kali Yuga--dark or iron age
Kalki--tenth avatar of Vishnu
Kama--pursuit of desire
Kapha--biological water humor
Kapila--great Hindu sage, founder of the Sankhya system of philosophy
Karakas--planetary significators
Karma--Law of Cause and Effect
Karma Yoga--Yoga of Work or Service
Kashmiri Shaivism--Shaivite philosophy of medieval Kashmir
Ketu--south node of the Moon, dragon's tail
Krishna--eighth avatar of Vishnu
Kriya Yoga--yoga of technique
Kshatriya--people of political values
Kundalini--serpent power, power of subtle body
- L -
Lakshmi--Goddess of prosperity and beauty; consort of Vishnu
Lalita--Goddess of bliss
Laya Yoga--Yoga of absorption into the sound-current (nada)
- M -
Mahabharata--epic story of Krishna
Mahavakyas--great sayings of Vedantic knowledge
Mahayana--great vehicle, northern school of Buddhism
Manas--mind or emotion
Mantra--spiritual or empowered speech
Manu--Vedic original man, founder of human culture
Marmas--sensitive bodily points used in Ayurvedic treatment
Maya--illusion
Mayavada--doctrine that the world is unreal
Meru--the world mountain
Mimamsa--ritualistic form of Vedic philosophy
Moksha--pursuit of liberation
- N -
Nada--the sound current of the subtle body
Nadis--nerves of the subtle body
Nataraj--Shiva as lord of the cosmic dance
Nirvana--liberation, the state of peace
Niyamas--yogic observances
Nyaya and Vaisheshika--Hindu philosophies; two of the six systems
- O -
Om--The mantra of the Divine
- P -
Pancha Karma--five Ayurvedic purification methods
Parashurama--sixth avatar of Vishnu
Parvati--the consort of Shiva
Patanjali--main teacher of classical Yoga system
Pitta--biological fire humor
Prakriti--great Nature, matter
Prana--breath or life-force
Prana Yoga--Yoga of the life-force
Pranayama--yogic control of the breath
Pratyahara--yogic control of mind and senses
Puja--Hindu worship, flower offerings
Puranas--Hindu mythological texts
Purusha--pure consciousness, spirit
- Q -
(empty)
- R -
Radha--consort of Krishna
Rahu--north node of the Moon; dragon's head
Rajas--quality of energy or agitation
Raja Yoga--integral or royal yoga path of Patanjali
Rama--seventh avatar of Vishnu
Ramayana--epic story of Rama
Rasayana--Ayurvedic rejuvenation methods
Rig Veda--oldest Hindu scripture; Veda of chant
Rishis--ancient Vedic seers
Rudra--terrible or wrathful form of Shiva
- S -
Sama Veda--Veda of song
Samadhi--absorption, bliss
Sankhya--Vedic philosophy of cosmic principles
Sanskrit--Vedic and mantric language
Sannyasa--stage of life of renunciation and liberation
Santana Dharma--the eternal teaching; traditional name for the Hindu religion
Saraswati--Goddess of speech, learning, knowledge and wisdom
Sat--being
Sattva--quality of truth or light
Sautrantika--Buddhist philosophy of the momentariness of all things
Savitar--Vedic Sun god as the guide of Yoga
Shakti--the power of consciousness and spiritual evolution
Shankara--the great philsopher of non-dualistic Vedanta
Shiva--form of the Hindu trinity governing destruction and transcendence
Shudras--people of sensate values
Shunyavada--Buddhist philosophy that everything is void
Sita--consort of Rama
Skanda--the war God
So'ham--natural mantric sound of the breath
Soma--Vedic God of bliss
Srotas--channel systems used in Ayurvedic medicine
Surya--Vedic Sun God or god of the enlightened mind
- T -
Tamas--quality of darkness and inertia
Tantra--medieval yogic and ritualistic Indian texts
Tara--the Goddess in her role as savior
- U -
Upanishads--Vedic philosophical texts
- V -
Vaishyas--people of commercial values
Vak--Divine Word, the Goddess
Vanaprastha--hermitage stage of life
Varna--Social Value or Class
Vata--biological air humor
Vedas--ancient scriptures of India
Vedanta--Vedic philosophy of Self-knowledge
Vedic Science--integral spiritual science of the Vedas
Vijnana--intelligence
Vijnanavada--Buddhist philosophy that consciousness alone exists
Vishnu--form of the Hindu trinity governing preservation
- W -
(empty)
- X -
(empty)
- Y -
Yajna--sacrifice, sacred ritual
Yajur Veda--Veda of ritual or sacrifice
Yamas--yogic attitudes
Yantra--geometrical meditation designs
Yoga--techniques of developing and integrating energy
Yoga Sutras--classical text of Patanjali on Yoga
Yogi--practitioner of yoga
Yugas--world-ages
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